Rotavirus infection is a common viral illness that primarily affects infants and young children and is one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. After infection, the virus causes inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, which increases intestinal secretions and reduces absorptive function—this results in severe diarrhea and vomiting. Since infants’ and young children’s immune systems are not yet fully developed and are especially vulnerable to infection, any occurrence of infection must be taken very seriously to avoid severe dehydration or other complications.

Symptoms:

• Watery Diarrhea: Frequent bowel movements with stools that contain a large amount of water, which can easily lead to an electrolyte imbalance.
• Vomiting: Repeated vomiting not only makes it difficult for a child to take in adequate fluids and nutrients but also accelerates the dehydration process.
• Fever: Usually accompanied by a low to moderate fever, reflecting the body’s response to the infection.
• Abdominal Pain: Most cases are accompanied by abdominal discomfort or cramps, which may be related to intestinal inflammation.
• Dehydration: Manifested by a dry mouth, reduced skin elasticity, sunken eyes, decreased urine output, and abnormal drowsiness; in severe cases, it can be life-threatening.

Transmission Routes:

Rotavirus is highly contagious, and its main modes of transmission include:

1. Fecal-oral Route: The pathogen is present in contaminated feces and can enter the human body through unclean hands, contaminated surfaces, or even through contaminated food and water.
2. Close Contact: Direct contact between family members or among children in daycare—as well as sharing toys, utensils, etc.—can lead to the spread of the virus.

Moreover, even after symptoms have disappeared, infected individuals may continue to shed the virus for several days or even weeks, making it highly likely to trigger chain reactions within communities or childcare facilities.

Prevention Measures:

Currently, vaccination is considered the most effective method to prevent severe rotavirus infection. Many countries around the world have incorporated the rotavirus vaccine into their childhood immunization programs in order to reduce hospitalization rates and mortality risks. Other important preventive measures include:

• Good Personal Hygiene: Regularly and thoroughly washing hands (with soap and water for at least 20 seconds), especially before and after changing diapers, using the restroom, or eating, is a crucial way to prevent the spread of the virus.
• Environmental Cleanliness and Disinfection: Regularly cleaning and disinfecting areas where infants and young children are active, as well as toys and frequently touched surfaces, can significantly reduce sources of infection.
• Food Safety: Ensuring that food and water are hygienically safe by using proper storage and handling methods helps reduce the risk of infection.
• Breastfeeding: Breast milk provides natural antibodies and protective factors that help boost an infant’s resistance to various infections, although it is not an absolute safeguard—other hygiene measures should still be followed.

Rotavirus infections are more common in winter and early spring, as the virus has a higher survival rate and spreads more rapidly during this period. Parents and caregivers should remain vigilant and actively implement preventive measures. If you suspect that your child has been infected with the rotavirus, seek medical advice promptly, especially as managing dehydration is critically important.

In summary, by maintaining regular vaccination schedules, strictly adhering to personal and environmental hygiene practices, and ensuring timely and effective dehydration management along with symptomatic treatment, the serious risks associated with rotavirus infections can be greatly reduced, thereby ensuring the health and safety of infants and young children.